Hyperextension (over-bending of the head in rearward direction)
- Lateral Hyperflexion (over-bending of the head to one side)
- Posterior Hypertranslation (extreme movement of head and helmet, rearward on the neck)
- Coupled Axial Loading (Helps prevent axial loading only when the axial forces act in combination with other mechanisms)
- Hyperflexion (over-bending of the head in forward direction)